Objective:
The objective of this experiment is to further our understanding of cellular respiration by observing the cell respiration of germinating and nongerminating peas as well as observing the effects of temperature on the rate of cell respiration.
Hypothesis:
If the germinated and non-germinated peas are exposed to a colder temperature, then the process of cellular respiration will occur at a slower rate and less oxygen will be consumed.
Materials:
Procedures:
Step 1: Set up an ice bath at room temperature (Day 1) and at 10° C (Day 2).
The objective of this experiment is to further our understanding of cellular respiration by observing the cell respiration of germinating and nongerminating peas as well as observing the effects of temperature on the rate of cell respiration.
Hypothesis:
If the germinated and non-germinated peas are exposed to a colder temperature, then the process of cellular respiration will occur at a slower rate and less oxygen will be consumed.
Materials:
- Three cork assemblies
- Three vials
- Absorbent cotton
- Nonabsorbent cotton
- KOH solution
- 100 ml graduated
- 25 germinated beans
- 25 non-germinated beans
- Blue beads
- Tape
- Thermometer
- Timer
Procedures:
Step 1: Set up an ice bath at room temperature (Day 1) and at 10° C (Day 2).
- This is done prior to the beginning of the next steps.
- Place a circle of absorbent cotton, which is soaked in the KOH solution, into the bottom of each vial.
- Place a circle of the nonabsorbent cotton into each vial. Place the circle of cotton directly on top of absorbent cotton
- .Fill the 100 ml graduated cylinder with 50 ml of water.
- Add 25 germinated beans to the cylinder and determine the volume. (Increase in water - 50 ml)
- Remove these beans and place them on a paper towel. They will be used in Vial A.
- Repeat these steps for Vial D (Day 2).
- Fill the 100 ml graduated cylinder with 50 ml of water.
- Add 25 non-germinated beans to the cylinder.
- Add blue beads to the cylinder you reach the same volume as that of the germinated beans.
- Remove these beans and beads and place them on a paper towel. They will be used in Vial B.
- Repeat these steps for Vial E (Day 2).
- Fill the 100 ml graduated cylinder with 50 ml of water.
- Add beads until you reach the same volume as that of the germinated beans.
- Remove the beads and place them on a paper towel. They will be used in Vial C.
- Repeat these steps for Vial F (Day 2).
- Insert cork assembly into the vial as well.
- Repeat these steps for Vial D (Day 2).
- Insert cork assembly into the vial as well.
- Repeat these steps for Vial E (Day 2).
- Insert cork assembly into the vial as well.
- Repeat these steps for Vial F (Day 2).
- This allows order the tips of the pipet assembly to suspend over the water bath during the equilibration phase.
- Vials A, B, and C will be used for the room temperature water bath (Day 1).
- Vials D, E, and F will be used for the 10° C water bath (Day 2).
- Arrange the vials so you can read and take measurements of the volume.
- Maintain the temperature by adding water as necessary (Day 1).
- Maintain the temperature by adding ice as necessary (Day 2).
- Every 5 minutes for 20 minutes, take readings of the volume of each vial.
- Record measurements in tables given.
Measurement of Oxygen Consumption of the germinated, non-germinated peas, and beads:
*Difference: (Initial reading at 0 minutes) - (Reading at a measured time)
*Corrected Difference: (Initial PEAS reading at 0 minutes-Initial PEAS reading at X minutes) - (Initial BEAD reading at 0 minutes - Initial BEAD reading at X minutes)
*Data used is Mrs. Blake's.
*Corrected Difference: (Initial PEAS reading at 0 minutes-Initial PEAS reading at X minutes) - (Initial BEAD reading at 0 minutes - Initial BEAD reading at X minutes)
*Data used is Mrs. Blake's.
The graph above represents the corrected difference of each vial when exposed to the temperature of 24°C and 10°C. The corrected difference is the difference of volume of the peas at time X and the volume of the bead at time X. | The graph above represents the corrected difference of the germinated and non-germinated peas when exposed to the temperature of 24°C and 10°C. The corrected difference is the difference of volume of the peas at time X and the volume of the bead at time X. The independent variable would be the time and the dependent variable would the the volume of the oxygen consumed. The two hypotheses being tested in the experiment are: germinated peas consume more oxygen than non-germinated peas and the peas will consume more oxygen at a warmer temperature compared to a lower one. |
Analysis:
What accounts for the difference in oxygen consumption seen between the germinating and nongerminating peas?
The germinated peas are using the respiration process more than the non-germinated peas because they are growing, This explains the difference in oxygen consumption between the two.
List some of the constant controls in this experiment.
The controls in the experiment would be the germinated beans, non-germinated beans, and the beads.
Why do the glass beads seem to be using oxygen?
Air may have been trapped in the pipet causing an air bubble to appear which would have made the beads seem as if they were using oxygen
Why are the readings corrected using the glass bead values?
The readings are corrected using the glass bead values because the vials of the beads had trapped air so, by subtracting this value from the values of the germinated peas and non-germinated peas then you reduce the error and get a more correct value of the volume.
What is the function of KOH in this experiment?
The function of KOH in this experiment is that it is used to remove the carbon dioxide released through respiration.
From the slope of the lines, determine the rate of oxygen consumption at 10°C room temperature for the germinating and nongerminating peas. Determine the slope of the lines over a middle section of each line by dividing the difference in volume reading by the difference in time. Volume (ml of oxygen consumed) values are determined from the line.
Compare the rate of oxygen consumption at 10°C. Why are they different?
Molecules are able to move faster due to a higher temperature. Since 24 C was a higher temperature than 10 C , then the rate of respiration would occur at a faster rate allowing for more oxygen consumption. This explains the difference between the effects of the two temperatures on the peas.
How do you think the rates of respiration would change in peas that have been germinating for 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Why?I
f the peas are germinated longer, it will continue to grow requiring more energy and oxygen meaning the rate of cellular respiration will increase. Just like in its natural environment, the peas need to grow and have enough energy to break the ground and continue growing.
Write a hypothesis using the same experimental design to compare the rates of respiration in a mouse at both room temperature 24° C and at 10° C.
If a mouse is exposed to 24 C, then the rate of respiration will be faster than the mouse being exposed to 10 C.
Using the same experimental design, write a hypothesis to test the respiration rate of a 15 g reptile and a 15 g mammal at 10° C.
If a 15 g reptile and a 15 g mammal are exposed to the temperature of 10 C, then the respiration rate of the mammal will be higher compared to that of the reptile. The mammal is warm-blooded meaning it will need a higher respiration rate in order to maintain their normal body temperature. The reptile is cold-blooded which means it does not require a high respiration rate to maintain its body temperature.
What basic cellular process is responsible for the oxygen consumption?
The process of cellular respiration is responsible for the oxygen consumption. When cellular respiration occurs within the cell, oxygen is being consumed in order to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
Conclusion:
In this experiment, we were able to determine that the germinated and non-germinated peas placed in room temperature water consumed more oxygen over time compared to the germinated and non-germinated peas placed in 10°C water. The more oxygen consumed tells us that the process of cellular respiration was occurring at a faster rate. The peas placed in the 10°C water consumed less oxygen over time which tells us that the rate of respiration was at a slower rate. This information proves my hypothesis to be correct because it shows how the colder water caused less oxygen to be consumed and a slower respiration rate compared to the warmer water. However, during my experiment, some possible errors might have occurred. One error could have been not maintaining the temperature of the water over the span of 20 minutes. Not being able to indicate the size of the air bubble or even notice it was there could have also been an error made during this experiment. Another error that occurred was not keeping the vials fully submerged in the water for the full 20 minutes which might have caused inaccurate results. This error was done by my group which might explain why we did not get the results we expected. Our inaccurate results explain why we had to use the data given to us by Mrs. Blake. Overall, this experiment allowed us to conclude that the higher the temperature, the faster the respiration rate will be. This experiment showed us how temperature affected the peas as well as further understanding our knowledge on cellular respiration!
What accounts for the difference in oxygen consumption seen between the germinating and nongerminating peas?
The germinated peas are using the respiration process more than the non-germinated peas because they are growing, This explains the difference in oxygen consumption between the two.
List some of the constant controls in this experiment.
The controls in the experiment would be the germinated beans, non-germinated beans, and the beads.
Why do the glass beads seem to be using oxygen?
Air may have been trapped in the pipet causing an air bubble to appear which would have made the beads seem as if they were using oxygen
Why are the readings corrected using the glass bead values?
The readings are corrected using the glass bead values because the vials of the beads had trapped air so, by subtracting this value from the values of the germinated peas and non-germinated peas then you reduce the error and get a more correct value of the volume.
What is the function of KOH in this experiment?
The function of KOH in this experiment is that it is used to remove the carbon dioxide released through respiration.
From the slope of the lines, determine the rate of oxygen consumption at 10°C room temperature for the germinating and nongerminating peas. Determine the slope of the lines over a middle section of each line by dividing the difference in volume reading by the difference in time. Volume (ml of oxygen consumed) values are determined from the line.
Compare the rate of oxygen consumption at 10°C. Why are they different?
Molecules are able to move faster due to a higher temperature. Since 24 C was a higher temperature than 10 C , then the rate of respiration would occur at a faster rate allowing for more oxygen consumption. This explains the difference between the effects of the two temperatures on the peas.
How do you think the rates of respiration would change in peas that have been germinating for 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Why?I
f the peas are germinated longer, it will continue to grow requiring more energy and oxygen meaning the rate of cellular respiration will increase. Just like in its natural environment, the peas need to grow and have enough energy to break the ground and continue growing.
Write a hypothesis using the same experimental design to compare the rates of respiration in a mouse at both room temperature 24° C and at 10° C.
If a mouse is exposed to 24 C, then the rate of respiration will be faster than the mouse being exposed to 10 C.
Using the same experimental design, write a hypothesis to test the respiration rate of a 15 g reptile and a 15 g mammal at 10° C.
If a 15 g reptile and a 15 g mammal are exposed to the temperature of 10 C, then the respiration rate of the mammal will be higher compared to that of the reptile. The mammal is warm-blooded meaning it will need a higher respiration rate in order to maintain their normal body temperature. The reptile is cold-blooded which means it does not require a high respiration rate to maintain its body temperature.
What basic cellular process is responsible for the oxygen consumption?
The process of cellular respiration is responsible for the oxygen consumption. When cellular respiration occurs within the cell, oxygen is being consumed in order to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
Conclusion:
In this experiment, we were able to determine that the germinated and non-germinated peas placed in room temperature water consumed more oxygen over time compared to the germinated and non-germinated peas placed in 10°C water. The more oxygen consumed tells us that the process of cellular respiration was occurring at a faster rate. The peas placed in the 10°C water consumed less oxygen over time which tells us that the rate of respiration was at a slower rate. This information proves my hypothesis to be correct because it shows how the colder water caused less oxygen to be consumed and a slower respiration rate compared to the warmer water. However, during my experiment, some possible errors might have occurred. One error could have been not maintaining the temperature of the water over the span of 20 minutes. Not being able to indicate the size of the air bubble or even notice it was there could have also been an error made during this experiment. Another error that occurred was not keeping the vials fully submerged in the water for the full 20 minutes which might have caused inaccurate results. This error was done by my group which might explain why we did not get the results we expected. Our inaccurate results explain why we had to use the data given to us by Mrs. Blake. Overall, this experiment allowed us to conclude that the higher the temperature, the faster the respiration rate will be. This experiment showed us how temperature affected the peas as well as further understanding our knowledge on cellular respiration!